What is the difference between Industrial Safety and System Safety?

Industrial, or occupational has traditionally focused primarily on controlling injuries to employees on the job.The industrial safety engineer usually is dealing with a fixed manufacturing design and hazards that have existed for a long time, many of which are accepted as necessary for operations.
More emphasis is often placed on teaching employees to work within this environment than on removing the hazards. Industrial safety engineers collect data during the operational life of the system and eliminate or control unacceptable hazards if possible or practical.When accidents occur, they are investigated
and action is taken to reduce the likelihood of a recurrence—either changing the plant or changing employee work rules and training.The hazards associated with high-energy or dangerous processes are usually controlled either
(1) by disturbance control algorithms implemented by operators or an automated
control system or
(2) by transferring the plant to a safe state using a separate protection system.
Safety reviews and audits are conducted by industrial safety divisions within the company or by safety committees to ensure that unsafe conditions in the plant are corrected and that employees are following the work rules specified in manuals and instructions.Lessons learned from accidents are incorporated into design standards, and much of the emphasis in the design of new plants and work rules is on implementing these standards.Often, the standards are enforced by the government
through occupational safety and health legislation.
In contrast, system safety is concerned primarily with new systems.The concept of loss is treated much more broadly: Relevant losses may include injury to nonemployees; damage to equipment,property, or the environment; and loss of mission.As has been seen, instead of making changes as a result of operational experience with the system, system safety attempts to identify potential hazards before the system is designed, to define and incorporate safety design criteria,
and to build safety into the design before the system becomes operational.Although standards are used in system safety, they usually are process rather than product standards—reliance on design or product standards is often inadequate for new types of systems, and more emphasis is placed on upfront analysis and designing for safety.
There have been attempts to incorporate system safety techniques and approaches into traditional industrial safety programs, especially when new plants and processes are being built.Although system safety techniques are considered “overkill” for many industrial safety problems, larger plants and increasingly dangerous processes have raised concern about injuries to people
outside the plant and about pollution and have made system safety approaches more relevant.F urthermore, with the increase in size and cost of plant equipment, changes and retrofits to increase safety are costly and may require discontinuing operations for a period of time.
From the other side, system safety is increasingly considering issues that have been traditionally thought to be industrial safety concerns.In some cases, the neglect of these issues has caused serious losses:
Over a period of two years, a contractor experienced 26 satellite damaging mishaps
during manufacturing! Twice they hit it with a forklift.Twice more they hit it with
a crane hook.W renches were dropped into the satellite.Mak eshift workstands failed.
It appeared as if there were forces bent on destroying the satellite before it got to the launch site.In vestigation revealed that the System Safety activity never had addressed the manufacturing phase of the program because the phase was covered by existing industrial safety activities.
In summary, industrial safety activities are designed to protect workers in an industrial environment; extensive standards are imposed by federal codes or regulations providing for a safe workplace.Ho wever, few, if any, of these codes apply to protection of the product being manufactured. With the relatively recent introduction of robots into the workplace environment and with long-lived engineering programs like the Space Shuttle that have substantial continuing complex
engineering design activities, the traditional concerns of industrial safety and system safety have become more intertwined.